College Essay Essay Example for Free

College Essay Essay Do we send students to college to grow personally and intellectually or strictly to develop work related skills? In your opinion what should be the purpose of a college education and what do you hope to gain from your personal experience? College is a big step for anyone, especially teenagers, who is still growing up. Unlike in high school where the main focus is the curriculum, college also focuses on developing personality. College is not about papers and tests; it is about growing personally and intellectually while developing work related skills to help in life. A college education involves more than books and tests. It should be an experience a student should never forget. At Southwestern University, the school motto is â€Å"Be Southwestern. † To â€Å"Be Southwestern† students have to be determined and focused. To â€Å"Be Southwestern† students have to be involved. During my visit to Southwestern University, I noticed that for such a small school there are so many opportunities available to learn in variety of environments and participate in campus life. At Southwestern University the campus life consists of music, plays, Greek life, athletic events, religious interests, and preparation for the study abroad program. I have never been out of this country, and one thing I like about Southwestern is the study abroad program. Personally, I have always wanted to go to Italy. Not just because I am in love with Italian food but because it’s so different from America. I want to go to a college that allows me to see the world and experience new things. A college education should help you meet your desire to explore and interact with the world around you. Another thing I like about Southwestern University is how much help is available for students from professors. I want to go to a college that has small class sizes and cares about me as an individual. Every Southwestern University student I’ve talked to has said the professors will know who you are, will always be available for assistance, and will always help you succeed. At Southwestern University, a student is not just a number. The professors there are dedicated to a student’s personal success. Instead of going to a tutor, a student can schedule a simple meeting with the professor to discuss theclass. A little help can go a long way. As a student at Southwestern University, I hope to continue to strengthen my sense of pride and leadership. I have played the game of softball my entire life and hope to continue to play competitively in college. In my college softball experience, I hope to gain a greater inspiration to push myself harder than ever before both, academically and athletically. I hope one day when I look back on my college career I can say that Southwestern made me the student-athlete I always wanted to be. Through my college experiences, I will see the world in a new perspective, developing new intellectual light in a variety of subjects, and engaging in challenging curriculum and discussions. I want to find out who I am and what kind of person I will become, and I strongly believe Southwestern University will help me do that. A college education should additionally develop an individual’s appreciation for history. I go to a high school that is starting to make its history; however, I want to go to a university that has its history already established. As the oldest school in Texas, Southwestern University has many traditions. I want to be able to engage in these traditions and perhaps help make some new ones while I’m there. I don’t just want to be a part of history I want to make history. A college experience should be one of the best times in a person’s life. The professors, the activities, and the history of the school should help one develop personally and intellectually as a student. I know that my time spent at Southwestern University will make me stronger, confident, and a more independent thinking individual who is ready to face not only challenge of working environment but also whatever life throws at me.

Research In Regard To Shoplifting Psychology Essay

Research In Regard To Shoplifting Psychology Essay In critically reviewing the research in regard to shoplifting done by the security manager, a definition of research will be stated and the following aspects will be analysed and critiqued. Initially, throughout the essay the manager would be complemented for taking the initiative to conduct a research founded on a concern to deal with shoplifting, and the research methodologies used to examine the problem. This would be followed by a critical analysis to identify the strength and weaknesses, beginning with examining the first stage of the investigations which looks at the research problems to determine if the author provided a good argument for the research. The essay will focus on the following, a literature review to determine if the researcher reviewed sufficient information before conducting the research. Methods used during the process of the survey are in compliance with established theories such as qualitative, which include unstructured interviews, observation study, also a comparison between qualitative and quantitative research methods. In addition special attention will be paid to the data collection methods together with the examination of existing information and the ethical violations by the researcher which compromised the validity and reliability of the investigation. The final discussion and interpretation to determine of the finding of the research to determine if the discussion fit with the data collected, taking into consideration if any limitations were encountered which could have influenced the discussion from presenting a logical based result. Research by definition, according to the (Merriam-Webster online Dictionary) states it is a studious inquiry or examination especially, investigations or experimentations aimed at the discovery and interpretation of facts, revision of accepted theories or laws in the light of new facts, or practical application of such new or revised theories or laws: The collecting of information about a particular subject. Research Problem All security managers should be complimented for the initiative to conduct a research which would assist in examining and addressing some of the concerns they were faced with in their organization. On the other hand, in the initial stage of any research there are some fundamental stages that need to be followed in order for the research report to be truly noteworthy. The author indicated the objective for his research was to study shoplifting by costumers and focus on a number of other aspects within the store. These included the volume of shoplifting, the influence of the new CCTV equipment on such and why people actually shoplift. When conducting research it is important to identify the following: What exactly one wants to study? Why it is worth studying? Does the proposed study contribute to our general understanding of crime or its policy response? (Maxfield Babbie, 2008:111). The researcher should also begin by clearly identifying the problem and providing a good argument for s ignificance and determining its relevance (Rodgers (1997). The manager needs to acknowledge that in order to achieve the objective of any research report, there are guidelines that ought to be meticulously evaluated in conducting such an exercise. Literature Review An acknowledgement of some previous research on shoplifting previously done is noteworthy. However, the managers opinion that none for the particular shop was done, and earlier research was not relevant, to the existing research, could seriously put the study at a disadvantage. One of the most important elements in the beginning of a research project is the literature review. According to (Hart 1998 cited in Bell 2008:99) without it, you will not acquire an understanding of your topic, of what has already been done on it, how it has been researched, and what are the key issues. A literature review proposes to offer an overview of relevant literature published on the topic, taking the four stages into consideration. Problem formulation, which considers the topic being examined and what are the component issues, literature research includes finding materials relevant to the subject being explored, data evaluation to determine which literature makes a significant contribution to underst anding the topic, and analysis and interpretation of the findings and conclusion of pertinent literature.(Department of Criminology,2010).The absence of a literature review from the research denied the author critical information that could have assisted in addressing the concerns of shop lifting at the store and a guide for the project. Research Method As a consequence of the number of things under consideration by the researcher with regard to shoplifting at the store, research methods needed to be developed for the study. These take into account using all the necessary processes to achieve the best outcome (Schutt 2004:16) states a researcher can get a clearer picture of the social reality being studied by viewing it observed his method included the use of quantitative research by making use of official data and questionnaires in addition to qualitative data by having interviews, also observation studies. Both qualitative and quantitative methods are useful and legitimate. And some research situation and topics require elements of both approaches (Maxfield Babbie, 2008:26). The importance of research methods should not be underestimated, when seeking to find answers or correct a problem of a social reality. Hence research methodologies form an integral part of any research to be conducted, which has the key to observing the same thing from a different viewpoint. Qualitative research The official data used to determine the volume of shoplifting at the shop were computerised records of inventory taken into the shop as compared to goods sold or otherwise accounted for. However, this measure does not accurately determine the reason for high numbers of unaccounted items at the store, for there could be a number of other factors that could have led to such increasing numbers within the four-month period under review, (Maxfield Babbie. 2008:306 states Store inventory records could be used to estimate losses by customer theft, but this obscures the difference between shoplifting by customers and employee theft. Qualitative methods used in studying data as part of the investigation is commendable, qualitative research is the form of research that is not concerned or interested in what is true or false or what can be proved or disproved, as well as considering the way people understand things and patterns of behaviour. activities that make up this method of research inco rporates , interviews, observations, analysing interactions and conversations including analysing documents,(Department of Criminology,2010).The assumption that shoplifting was on the increase in as much as security officers were catching more people at the shop and the past week two persons were processed by police together with more dodgy persons stopping over at the shop was based purely on observations and lacked adequate data whereby they could have appropriately measure the variables. Interviews Unstructured interviews were used to determine the amount of shoplifting at the shop. Nevertheless, in conducting interviews be it structured or unstructured there must be some ethical consideration when using this method. According to Hart and Bond (1995:198-201 cited in Bell 2008 :44) action research in health and social care, provide examples of different types of code of practice or protocol, which requires researchers to ensure that participants are fully aware of the purpose of the research and understand their rights. The manager choice of semi-structured interviews must be highly praised, for unstructured interviews are most appropriate when researchers have little knowledge about a topic and when its reasonable for them to have a casual conservation with a subject (Maxfeild Babbie, 2008:288). Interviews with both line managers and other records indicated that there was a great deal of shoplifting taking place at the shop. However, both interviews were not conducted at the p roper time to elicit the information necessary in assisting the manager to come to a conclusion as to determine that shop lifting was on the increase at the shop. This factors could have result in bias as there is always dangers in research carried out by individual researchers, particularly those who have strong views about the topic they are researching (Bell, 2008: 166).Structured or unstructured interviews must comply with the general ethics of undertaking such an exercise for many organizations now have ethical guidelines, codes of practice and protocols (Bell, 2008:57) Observational study Observation study was one of the methods used by the researcher to determine why people shoplift. While this is one of the methods by which investigation could be used to collect data, it is not an easy option, according to (Nisbet 1977:15 cited in Bell, 2008:184) careful planning and piloting are essential, and it takes practice to get the most out of this technique. However, once mastered, it can reveal characteristics of group or individuals, which would have been impossible to discover by another means. An afternoon spent walking around the store watching for people shoplifting was done by the security manager in order to collect data; this can be explained as solo observation. However, there is always a danger of accusation of bias or misinterpretation with this type of observation (Bell, 2008:185).In conducting observation studies be it structured or unstructured, participant or non-participant; there are certain guide lines to follow in order to achieve exactly what you need t o know. To begin with consideration should be given as to what information is needed and what approach should be adopted also pilot your method and invite someone to observe with you and compare notes afterwards to see if you saw the same thing (Bell, 2008:185). This emphasizes the point that even though the observation study was unstructured the basic principle for this type of investigation was lacking. On the other hand, the researcher must be commended for employing this method to assist with obtaining the necessary information to establish why people shoplift. Quantitative research Quantitative research methods as compared to qualitative research methods differ primarily in their analytical objectives. While qualitative explores attitudes, and experiences through such methods as interviews, observations, analysing interactions and conversations, including analysing documents,(Department of Criminology,2010).On the other hand quantitative research generates data through the use of a large scale survey via methods such as questionnaires and structured interviews. This type of research reaches many more people, but the contact with target groups is much quicker than it is in qualitative research (Sanchez, 2006) .The researcher decision to design a questionnaire to address why people shoplift is certainly a step in the right direction towards achieving this objective. However, in exercising this option, and considering the survey is likely to get the information required, a well designed questionnaire must be produced that will be acceptable and should pose no prob lem at the analysis and interpretation stage(Bell,2008:136 ). The author points out that he gave out 30 questionnaires to his friends and also to get their friends to fill it in,(Gill,2005:313) stated self administered questionnaire can produce unreliable data as results depend on respondents.(Bell,2008: 148 ) also states, There are distinct advantages in being able to give questionnaires to respondents personally. You can explain the purpose of the study, and in some cases questionnaires can be completed on the spot. You are likely to get better cooperation if you can establish personal contact. The method employed the researcher in delivering the questionnaire could have compromised the information received on their return. Data collection and analysis When deciding to carry out a research project, in the initial stages one should consider how to collect the evidence you require, additionally what is the best way to acquire the information (Bell, 2008:115). The use of official data from the store to identify inventory taken into the shop in comparison to inventory accounted for, as well as unaccounted inventory must be applauded. Analysis of data for the periods under review to determine whether if any significant change in shoplifting before and after the introduction of CCTV confirmed that twenty percent of the inventory was not accounted for in both case. Hence it could not be proven there was a decrease in shoplifting. Generalization is a key concern in research design. We rarely have the resources to study the entire population that is of interest to us, so we have to select cases to study that allow our findings to be generalized to the population of interest. None the less since we can never be sure that our findings will ho ld under all conditions. We should be cautious in generalizing to populations that we do not actually sample. (Schutt, 2004: : 19). Interpretation of results collected from the questionnaire was based on assumptions and not from a proper examination of the data collected. Statements such as, most shoplifting is committed by females for the thrill is not accurate at the point of view two out of ten females answering the questionnaire shoplifted many times, which represents a mere twenty percent.(Bell,2008: 110) writes research findings can be dangerous if they are used in an undisciplined way stating that the research proves x or y without any corroborating evidence to warrant such an assertion. In analysing data collected one should not make claims, which cannot be justified from the evidence presented. Ethical consideration There is no sign throughout the entire research project where the investigator indicated that an ethic committee existed or permission from any supervisor to carry out the survey was granted. (Bell, 2008: 43) explains, at one time, it was possible to have permission for small pieces of research to be done by the head of a department. However, with era change in most cases the supervisor will be aware of any limitations or legal requirement related to researching and ensure that proper standards are in place during the preparation stages of collecting data. Ethical consideration should not be compromised when doing any research project, for any data collected from any of the research methods without consent from participants, create an inherent danger to the reliability and validity of the information collected,(Department of Criminology,2010).The semi- structured interviews, with both line managers is an excellent research method, but they were unaware that an interview was been carr ied out at the time and information collected would be used by the researcher to inform certain conclusions.(Bell,2008:156) points out researchers still have a responsibility to explain as fully as possible what the research is about ,why you wish to interview them, what will be involved an what you will do with the information obtained. During the observational study the young woman arrested for shoplifting and was offered a reward in exchange for information illustrates the importance for ethical concerns in obtaining information. The reliability of the information received through coercion will dispute the authenticity of the data collected. Whenever a research is conducted on persons the well being of the research participants must be top priority. The question of the research is of secondary importance. This explains that if a choice is made between doing harm to the participants and doing harm to the research, it is the research that is sacrificed (Sanchez, 2006). Discussion and Interpretation of findings Raw data taken from the questionnaires, interviews and other methods used need to be recorded analysed and interpreted. (Bell, 2008:203).The researchers discussion and analysis as a consequence of the data collected, asserts that shoplifting is a real problem that is only going to get worse. However, the results presented did not indicate if the results fits with the data collected, any conclusions forwarded need to be accompanied by evidence to support its claim. Taking into consideration data collected during the research as compared to authors statements highlighted this fact. The findings needed to identify limitation of the study and how it affected the quality of the study; challenges encountered in collecting the questionnaire together with the low return ratio would have certainly compromised the fact as to why persons shoplift together with the ages and sex of the offenders. Gathering large amount of information in the hope that something will emerge is not recommended in sm all investigations also selecting research method which are suitable for the task and which can easily analysed, interpreted and presented (Bell, 2008:203).Reliability and validity of the information to determine that CCTV is the solution to the problem is not supported by the statistical data presented. Before and after the installation of the CCTV simple arithmetical procedures related to percentage was not used to analyse the numbers so as to determine if shoplifting prior to and following produced significant changes. According to (Bassey, 1981:85 cited in Bell 2008:202) An important criterion for judging the merit of case study is the extent to which the details are sufficient and appropriate for a teacher working in a similar situation to relate his decision making to that described in the case study. The reliability of a case study is more important than its generalizability. Interpretation of the data collected requires greater analysis before revealing that several things were clear from the research. In determining if a research project ought to be undertaken it must be resolved if the problem is clearly identified, together with providing a good argument for such an investigation. The objective of any research by its definition is aimed at the discovery and interpretation of facts. However, in striving to achieve such this requires the researcher follow the necessary steps that would assist in accomplishing the goals of the investigations. A literature review of previous researches could be an essential first step in understanding the subject. The utilitization of multiple methods to study the research is recommended, which would assist to observe things from a perspective which could challenge or confirm the finding of one method with those of another. Both qualitative and quantitative used were legitimate and helpful in assisting to address the compilation and analysis of information. The differences between both methods were identified, and it was understood that they varied primarily in their analytical objective, while qualitative methods are not keen in what is true or false or what can be proven or disproved. Quantitative on the other hand, produce data through the use of a large scale survey. The possibility of doing a research project should not prevent researchers from considering ethical issues, and aiming at the principle of one having the informed approval from the appropriate review board where the rights of human participants are protected. In the final discussion and analysis of data collected during the investigation, one has to be conscious of the fact that interpretation of the findings must be logically based before making any declaration.

Differentiate Between Operation System And Application Software Computer Science Essay

Differentiate Between Operation System And Application Software Computer Science Essay The most important program that is run on a computer. Every general-purpose computer must have an operating system to run other programs. The implementation of the operating system recognizes input from the keyboard, such as the basic task of sending the output to the screen display, recorded in the files and directories on the disk track, and control such as disk drives and printer peripherals. Network operating system abbreviated as NOS, operating system, including connecting to a local area network equipment, computers and special features. Some operating system, such as UNIX and the Mac operating system, has been networking the term network operating system-inch built-in feature, however, is generally reserved for software, network capabilities by adding the basic operating system. Novells Netware, Artisofts LANtastic, Microsoft windows Server and Windows NT is an example of an network operating system. The program or programs designed for end-users group. Software can be divided into two categories: system software and application software. From low-level system software programs, interact with the computer a very basic level. This includes the operating system, compiler, used to manage computer resources and utilities. Computer system refers to the computer and its devices. Equipment such as speakers, printers, keyboards, scanners and other peripheral devices are called, sometimes referred to as peripherals. Central processing unit (CPU) is considered to be computer. If no external device input and output of the computer (home computer) (such as monitors, printers, speakers, etc.) will not be able to do anything you feel useful.Read phonetically Define Question 1 Operating system is a software program and computer interface as user behaviour. This is a software package that allows the computer is functions. Operating system also the most important programs into the computer. Basic operating system running on the computer and allows other programs to run well. Operating system to complete all need to do a computer, such as recognized from the mouse or keyboard input, the basic things. It retains all of the documents which track on the computer. Allocation of resources to running, it can prevent unauthorized access to computer programs. A network operating system (NOS) is a computer operating systems main purpose is to support workstations, personal computers, and in some cases, the old pier is a local area network (LAN) connection. In addition, some multi-purpose operating system such as Windows NT and Digitals OpenVMS, and out of capacity, so that they can describe as a network operating system. Network operating system provides printer sharing, common file system and database sharing, application sharing, and to manage the network name of the directory, security and other internal networks. An application software are designed to perform specific functions, directly to the user or in some cases, another application, any plans. Application uses the computers operating system and other services supporting the project. Services and with the programmers writing application is called application program interface (API) to use other means of communication formal request procedure. Answer Question 1 Operating System Operating system to create a link between users and applications forms the core of the computer system. It is not in favor of the programs and hardware to simplify resource management. Let us look at different types of operating systems. Multi-tasking and Single-tasking Operating Systems When a program is allowed to run once, the system is divided into single-task operating system, and the operating system allows the case to perform multiple tasks at the same time, it is listed as a multitasking operating system. Multi-task can be divided into two categories, namely pre-emptive or cooperation. In the pre-emptive multitasking operating system and CPU time slice of a slot dedicated to each project. Class Unix operating systems such as Solaris and Linux support for pre-emptive multitasking. Cooperative multitasking is relying on each process, to allow time to define the way in the other processes. Prior to Microsoft Windows to Windows95 to support the cooperative multitasking. Window 7 As the Windows operating system, it will be the next version of Windows Vistas successor, the work of the name. Windows 7 is expected to be released in 2010. Windows 7 is expected to use less power more effective, not as a resource pig because more than Vista, and includes better synchronization with mobile devices and PC integration elements. Windows 7 is expected to include 32-bit and 64-bit versions and server versions, Windows Server 7. Mac OS X Mac OS X pronounced Oh Apple ES of ten, was in the Apple Macintosh computer using the current version of the operating system. If you happen to be pronounced Mac OS X, computer fans, and dedicated to Mac users will quickly correct you. Although the name may be a bit confusing, Mac OS X is an advanced, user-friendly operating system. Application Software Applications the ability to use the computer directly to the specific task. Application software can handle text, numbers and graphics. It can be in a certain software, such as word processing, spreadsheets, or playback of audio and video files form the focus of a single task. Database Software Database is a collection of data structure. Rely on computer databases to organize data, allowing users of the database, database software, database operations to achieve. Database software allows users to store and retrieve data in the database. Spreadsheet Software In Excel, Lotus 1-2-3 and Apple figures are some examples of spreadsheet software. Spreadsheet software allows users to perform calculations. They simulate a display, so that more cells grid paper form. Multimedia Software They allow users to create and play audio and video media. They are able to play the media files. Audio converter, player, burner, video encoder and decoder is a form of multimedia software. Examples of this type of software, including Real Player and Media Player. Simulation Software Simulation software is the best example of the scientific simulation and flight simulators. The plan is mainly used for research and entertainment. Simulation is to create a human, vehicle and traffic accident environment, the computer model to calculate the forces in the discrete time interval for each agent process. By Newtonian physics, the vehicle position and velocity updates, and human and display graphics. Computer animation software can plug the vehicle location, based on user input the coordinates and speed. The animation provides a similar event is a simulated graphical representation of a visual description, it is not an analytical tool. Computer simulation is a complex event, because the analysis of human and vehicle movement in the simulation is a physical programmable valuable tool. Driver behaviour, vehicle characteristics, and road conditions, the parameters can be easily assessed. Define Question 2 The computer is one of mankinds most brilliant invention. Computer technology, we can achieve efficient storage and data processing. We can employ other information storage capacity of computer memory of our brain. Because the computer, we have the ability to work up to the daily rate for important transactions, to achieve precision and accuracy of the output. On the computer a few years ago is a large room size, and must consume large amounts of electricity. However, as technology advances, computers have shrunk to the size of a small watch. Depending on the size of the processing power and computer, they have different types of classification. Let us look at the computer category. Answer Question 2 Supercomputers Highly computationally intensive tasks can be carried out effectively by means of supercomputers. Quantum physics, mechanics, weather forecasting, molecular theory is the best studied by means of supercomputers. Their well-designed parallel processing and the ability of the memory hierarchy to give the super computer, large-scale transaction processing capabilities. Minicomputers In size and processing capability, the minicomputer is between mainframe and PC. Minicomputer, also known as mid-range system or workstation. The term began to be generally 60 years in the 20th century to refer to the third generation of relatively small computers. They picked up it would be a refrigerator or two core technologies used in transistors and memory space required. 12-bit Digital Equipment Corporation PDP-8 minicomputer was the first successful minicomputer. Laptops Similar operations, desktop computers, notebook computers and mobile use small design. Running on a single laptop battery or external adapter, charges the computer battery. They enabled with a built-in keyboard, touchpad as a mouse and LCD display. Its portability and ability to use the battery as a power advantage for mobile users. Desktops The desktop to a single location. Parts of a desktop computer is easy to provide a relatively low cost. Power not as the key to the laptop. Desktop machine is widely used in the workplace and the family welcome for daily use. Microcomputers It with a microprocessor and a computer central processing unit is called micro-computer. They do not occupy the space up to the mainframe. When using the keyboard and mouse, giving the micro-computer can be called personal computers. Monitor, keyboard and other similar input and output devices, in the form of computer memory and memory to power supplies packaged in a miniature computer. These computers can be installed in the desk or table, and as a single user tasks the best choice. Analogy Computers These are almost extinct today. These figures are from a different computer because the computer can run multiple analog mathematical operations simultaneously. It uses math continuous variables, and using mechanical or electrical energy. Wearable Computers A record in the computer evolution step is to create wearable computers. These computers can be worn on the body and often in the behavioral modeling and human health research to use. Military and health professionals in their daily wearable computers, as part of such a study. When the users hand, the activities of the other senses, wearable computers is very helpful to track peoples actions. Wearable computers in operation because they never been opened and closed, and continue to interact with the user. Conclusion Recommendation In 2011 years, we can see the world have many place and build also using computer. Computer gives us a lot convenience, it can get us searching any for internet (e.g. movie, music, New, literature and knowledge) and the reason for sub-types of the computer because they want to meet the market demands. Computer system are many types of computer, outsides the computer have hardware and insides the computer have software. And the software have type of operation System, application Software and other. But the software installer want to step by step, because you dont following the step well be broke the computer. So I think the computer is very interesting. Appendix

Suppression and Subversion through Walls in Bartleby the Scrivener Es

Suppression and Subversion through Walls in â€Å"Bartleby the Scrivener† In â€Å"Bartleby the Scrivener† an elderly lawyer recounts the tenure of a scrivener, Bartleby, from his office. The progression of this employer/employee relationship depicts disengagement between opposing social classes and its consequences. The presence of the subtitle of â€Å"Bartleby the Scrivener: A Tale of Wall Street† has been given much consideration. The subtitle carries the baggage of the emerging capitalistic culture, but it also alludes to the confinement that walls enable. Melville strategically uses architecture in his short story, â€Å"Bartleby the Scrivener† to demonstrate the disengagement between social classes that capitalism produces. In the story, the narrator, representative of the upper class, controls the actual physical partition separating him and the scriveners, representative of the lower class. In the same way that he controls the sliding doors, the lawyer manipulates religion and economic factors to control the separation betwe en him and Bartleby. Architecture is also a part of Bartleby’s characterization; he is always staring at a brick wall. Melville is acknowledging Bartleby’s inability to conquer the brick wall. Melville demonstrates in the relationship between Bartleby and the lawyer that the walls that each puts up are not without consequence, ultimately leading to the death of Bartleby. Whereas capitalistic culture constructs a sky-lit window of opportunity for the lawyer, Bartleby is bound to a vision of a brick wall. Melville also uses architecture to demonstrate the ways in which each character engages and disengages with the other. Ultimately, the architecture of the social classes that a capitalistic culture produces results ... ...r hand, Bartleby is unable to conquer the confines of the lawyer, but he does find a way to manipulate them in order to subvert the authority of the lawyer. The walls that the lawyer and the scrivener use disguise the bonds of common humanity that Melville is interested in uncovering. Because the lawyer ignored the fraternal bond between them, he refused to recognize Bartleby as an individual, ultimately causing Bartleby’s erasure, through starvation. Works Cited Barnett, Louise K. â€Å"Bartleby as Alienated Worker.† Studies in Short Fiction 6.4 (1974): 379-385. Print. Marx, Karl. The Communist Manifesto. Chicago: Henry Regnery, 1954. Print. Melville, Herman. â€Å"Bartleby, the Scrivener.† Electronic Classics Series. Penn State U, 2002. 1-45. 18 Nov. 2010. Wilson, James C. â€Å" ‘Bartleby’: The Walls of Wall Street.† Arizona Quarterly 37.4 (1981): 335-346. Print.

Philosophy and Religion Essay -- essays research papers

The many religions of the world exhibit a large amount of different beliefs and philosophies. Some believe in many gods, some believe in just one god and yet there are those that believe in no god. One of the things that I agree with is that you can not love anything else unless you first learn to love and respect yourself. I also think that after one?s physical body is deceased, you become reincarnated. And lastly, I don?t recognize one god or overall being, but rather follow the example made by others. These are some religious elements I follow.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  First of all, you can not love anything unless you love yourself. If you go around with self hate and little confidence, it gives you no room for any other affection. Buddhism and Taoism also believe this. Buddhism emphasizes love for one?s self greatly, and believe that you can not accomplish anything in life unless you take care of your mind and body. After you achieve self contentment, you must learn to love all beings. I am concerned with loving nature, much like Taoism. We get our food, oxygen, clothing and everything else we need to survive from nature. Without it, we would not exist. You should also pay great respect and love to your family and elders. As with nature, without them we would never have come into being. They teach us lessons and morals of how to live our lives. Shintoism feels strongly about praising our elders. They think that basically our whole life should revolve around those w...

New York Times v. Sullivan Essay

Introduction Communication refers to the exchange of ideas or information between two or more people. Information composes of voice (e.g. telephone, handy talky etc), data (short message services/SMS, facsimile etc), and video (video streaming, video conference etc). Although the types of information are still the same, their importance always gets stronger eventually. Information is the root of actions and becomes more important in this information age. This is because its importance has even doubled, tripled, or even infinite as people in this age understand the necessities to learn about incidences in other part of the world and become more knowledgeable to use appropriate information for their advantages. As the sense of knowing give reasons and confidence to act towards issues, information, if delivered truthfully, can be the instruments of great deeds. In contrast if the information is manipulated it will lead people to disastrous wrongful acts. Televisions, newspapers, magazines, radios and the internet are now becoming main sources of public information where we can find out what happened in the world. The media, therefore, have been noteworthy sources of information although it faces great challenges since readers now seriously question about the truth of information presented in the media. Readers think that most of media tend to create public opinion that the sources want, driven by their political concerns. This is true since politic, in its nature, is capable to influence and control everyone’s life and lifestyles, and has always in the spotlight. As society gets wiser, attention on politics has never been this scrutiny. With very powerful people or party played their hands in it, politics has been one of the strongest reasons why the role of media as a trustworthy messenger is questioned. In line with the idea, Lynden Johnson says†reporters are puppet, they simply respond to the pull of the most powerful strings.† In this paper, we will discuss the role of media in setting the political agenda. We take into account the 1964’s case â€Å"New York Times vs. Sullivan† in describing the topic. Prior to the discussion, we will develop the idea of media power, and the framing, priming, and agenda setting. New York Times vs. Sullivan Fact Back to the 1964 where the feud between New York Times and Sullivan existed, we witnessed that the case has gradually changed the maneuver of U.S. newspapers. Nowadays, we witness that U.S. media are paying a great attention on Paris Hilton than on Capitol Hill. The reason is that today’s media are less concerned to expose the misdeeds and motivations of powerful people or public officials. According to Goldman (2004), the case of New York Times v. Sullivan begun when New York Times published a full-page ad that suspected the arrest of the Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr. for perjury in Alabama was part of a concerted effort to tear down King’s efforts to integrate public facilities and encourage blacks to vote. The ad soon arouses the ire of a public official named L. B. Sullivan, the Montgomery city commissioner. The commissioner then filed a libel action against the Times and brought four black ministers who supported the ad into the court for claiming that the allegations against the Montgomery police defamed him personally (Goldman). Under the auspices of the Alabama law, Sullivan finally won the case and received $500,000. This was happened since under the state’s law Sullivan did not even have to prove that he had been harmed. In contrast, Times’ defense saying the ad was invalid since the ad contained factual errors (Goldman). 2.2  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Learning from the case of New York Times v. Sullivan The decision of the Court that favored Sullivan was based on the First Amendment, which â€Å"protects the publication of all statements, even false ones, about the conduct of public officials except when statements are made with actual malice with knowledge that they are false or in reckless disregard of their truth or falsity† (Goldman). Furthermore, Goldman explains the new ruling, in effect to this day, says â€Å"it is not enough for a plaintiff to show that a printed or televised account is false and defamatory. Under such circumstances, the plaintiff needs to show that the media has reported erroneous and recklessly ignoring facts. The actual malice rule at a minimum encourages newspapers to take risks defaming people they otherwise would not take. The new ruling makes media to have the best defense when dealing with sue by a public figure. He adds that such defense would make it very difficult to sue newspapers and television stations even if they got an entire story wrong. Unfortunately, the case of Times vs. Sullivan have driven the press a little more arrogant than it needs to be when covering politicians or public figures. III.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   How Powerful Is Media? Mc Combs and Shaw in their book the Emergence of American Political Issue, state that today’s media have the powerful function to organize how the world looks for us. They might not successfully control our minds, but they are undeniably capable to â€Å"direct† our everyday thoughts. In similar tone, Shanto Iyengar and Donald Kinder in his book News That Matters, says that by paying attention to one issue and neglecting others, television is able to decide what American believed to be the most important issue to think about. For instance, Israel – Palestinian lifetime conflict has been America’s most important concerns in 2003, and judging from the nature of the issue (e.g. atrocities, suicide bombing, etc), it is newsworthy, but as the media turn their focus to the Iraq war, Schwarzenegger’s governor election and the California Wildfires, the Israel-Palestinian issue is somehow diminished, although the debacle is not even approaching a win-win solution (â€Å"Anti Propaganda Watch†). Framing, Priming and Agenda Setting Framing is the process of making a â€Å"meaning† out of incidents or stories. In the effort of building a line of comprehension between journalists and the readers, the frames are often drawn from. It is said to often chosen unintentionally. As an example, when a journalist is making a story about the high rising rate of poverty in a state, he or she will have to do what is called thematic framing, which means that eventually, a connection will have to be made between the increasing rate of poverty and the state government’s policies. While in periodic framing, the routine nature of the story derive journalists to put the blame on individual   actors, preventing audience from making a generalization of the stories (London). Priming is done when a journalist gives an extra weight onto an issue or an opinion, allowing people’s mind to have a change in their opinion. This is usually done by giving extra amount of coverage, making an issue salient while others not. Agenda Setting is even more conspicuous than the two terms we have mentioned before. It is a process of giving a certain theme over incidents that happens in a coverage area. By using materials that are sensitive to society, journalist can properly â€Å"put in ideas on people’s head†. For example, research shows that a single exposure on a violent crime-related news can heightened people’s fear of being victimized, which then gave the idea that violent crime is a very important issue (â€Å"Media Effects†). One of the most attractive issue on priming and agenda setting is the LA Times anti-Israel Propaganda. In the join the boycott website, there are enough reasons to make visitors of the site hate the LA Times. According to the website, the boycott is due the intolerable bias on news coverage relating Israel-Palestinian ‘endless’ debacle. Furthermore, it shows that LA times has done all of the three forbidden acts of journalism we have addressed before. This situation also applies to the case of New York Times v. Sullivan in which the Times has set up a political agenda about Black community to vote. Conclusion The role of media in our society is unbelievably important. Truthful coverage is always a worthy achievement. Politics does not come in the form of campaigns, elections, and the affairs of big government, but also the press as mind setters of the society. Furthermore, the new ruling, in effect since the case of New York Times v. Sullivan to this day, favors media to expose the misdeeds conducted by politicians or public figures in which the new ruling enables media to cover politicians aggressively without fear of lawsuits. However, the audiences still have absolute control to choose what they want or do not want to value what journalists distinguish as important. Nevertheless, the psychological implications of framing, priming and agenda setting are less significant. The existence of a picture and the atmosphere of the language can be a gentle but powerful way to alter opinions to the preferred direction. Bibliography Goldman, Jerry. â€Å"New York Times v. Sullivan.† OYEZ. 2004. Retrieved April 2, 2005   Ã¢â‚¬Å"How Public Is the NPR?† Retrieved March 19, 2005 from Iyengar, Shanto. â€Å"Media Effects.† 1998. Retrieved April 2, 2005 from â€Å"LA Times Israel anti-propaganda Watch.† 2004. Retrieved April 2, 2005 from London, Scott. â€Å"How Media Frames Political Issues.† 1993. Retrieved April 2, 2005 from Pulle, Matt. â€Å"Don’t Kill the Messenger.† Nashville Scene. 2005. Retrieved April 2, 2005 from U.S. Supreme Court. â€Å"New York Times v. Sullivan.† Retrieved April 2, 2005 from

Heritage Assignment Essay

My Mother and Father were both born in Villamar Michoacan, De Ocampo Mexico it is a very small town with a population of 15,512 it is in the state/region of Michoacan de Ocampo, Mexico. My Grandfathers were born in Villamar Michoacan as well. My Grandmothers: my Father’s Mother was born in a small town called Venustiano Carranza, Michoacan (San Pedro) it is not too far from Villamar and is a small town as well. And my Grandmother on my Mother’s side was born in El Varal, Michoacan this is also a small town actually this is a smaller town also near Villamar. After both sets of grandparents met and married they lived in Villamar, Michoacan De Ocampo. My Mother and Father were born and raised in Villamar Michoacan, De Ocampo. My parents were fifteen and twenty years of age when they married. In 1974 they came to the United States and lived in Chicago Illinoi. I was born in the United States in 1976, I have one sister who is the eldest and was born in Chicago as well. In 1979 my parents moved to Los Angeles, California and my two brothers were born there. In 1986 my parents and many of my relatives participated in the amnesty and became Residents of the United States. We lived in a Suburban setting all of our childhood years, all of our neighbors were of of some Latino culture. We always went to public school, my primary language growing up was Spanish. I learned to speak English in school, I spoke and read it fluently. I still read and write Spanish fluently. One of the things I remember about learning the Spanish language first was not a pleasant experience. When I got to Junior High (new school no friends), my Mother made the mistake of putting us (my sister and I) in ESL classes. I remember thinking why am I here I speak English, and it was embarrassing only because I was made fun of. As children when we we got ill my Mother did use Western Medicine, occasionally if we had an earache she used some of her cultural medicine on us. Like heating garlic in a cotton ball inside aluminum foil and putting it inside our ear. There were also the lectures about going out with our hair wet or walking barefoot. Growing up I remember aunts and uncles living with us or in our converted garage. Always there was someone living with us mostly my mothers brothers and their children. All of our aunts and uncles lived nearby and we visited each other often, I would say every weekend we gathered at someones house for a Birthday, Baptism, Holiday, Wedding, Quinceanera or just because. We were all very close and we all carried the the original family name, my Fathers last name. We went to church together every Sunday, we were all raised as Catholics and went to Catechism school we were Baptized and received our Holy Communion in a Catholic Church. As an adult I follow the Catholic Religion mostly at home, and through Santeria I believe they are connected in some way. I only attend church on special occasions or to pray, but I do not attend Sunday Mass as I did when I was a child. I believe in the power of prayer, God and the Saints (Santeria). I have statues of Saints and leave offerings weekly. I light a candle pray to my Saints and ask them for good health, clarity and for the health of my children and my family. My husband is Caucasian he is not religious he believes we â€Å"evolved from the monkey† and is very scientific. He has explained why he believes this and has showed me numerous articles and videos of how Religion is all made up. It can be difficult at times because he tries to tell me that Religion is all â€Å"BS†. We now live in an Urban setting where the neighbors are all of a different race and religion. I prepare mostly American meals we are very Health conscious and we watch what we eat. Too many tortillas, rice and fried beans will kill us LOL. Occasionally I do prepare Hispanic meals or I visit my Mom to eat, I mean I did grow up on that food and it is delicious. I very rarely participate in Latino activities the occasional festival or Posada during Christmas time Spanish Book Fair. I try to stay involved. But it it is not at all like it was when I was younger. Our primary language at home today is English my fifteen year old speaks and writes Spanish my four year old speaks and understands it very little. My friends are not all of the same ethnicity as I am, I have friends of several different ethnicities. Russian, Caucasian, Filipino, Chinese, Latino its a giant Melting Pot. But in the end we are all the same. I believe I do identify with my cultural heritage, because I was raised this way, and by keeping some of the religious beliefs I was raised on. Also my participation in family events, attending Baptisms, Quinceaneras, Catholic Weddings being a Godparent at most of these events. Spending time with my Mexican American Family. Although I do not participate 100% in the religious beliefs I grew up on, I feel a kinship towards God. And I believe it is important to have faith in God or whatever God one worships. For me at times it can be difficult because my husband has different beliefs and we do not always agree in one or the others belief. Where Health is concerned I do use Western Medicine for yearly physicals my children are vaccinated and also get yearly physicals. My Mother, Father and Grandparents believe that Mexico has the best Doctors and they frequently visit Tijuana to see a Doctor. I believe they are more thorough but I do not practice this.